Taking a concept from whiteboard to seed funding
2019 - 2023
Plunk started with a concept: an AI-powered real estate valuation model that could assess market values in real time
It wouldn't just provide a value, but consider a home's unique features—from an extra bathroom to a gourmet kitchen or a metal roof. The model would pinpoint the exact value each feature adds, specific to that street, neighborhood, and city. The idea was compelling enough for angel investors. However, our immediate challenge was to demonstrate to our investors that this technology could address high value problems in the residential real estate market.
My role
I was a founder, and led all design disciplines at Plunk – UX, interaction, and visual design – from user flows, wireframes, and testable prototypes, all the way to pixel-perfect mock-ups for launch. I collaborated closely with the product team in all user research, I facilitated workshops and ideation sessions with a core cross-functional group, and I developed the Plunk brand with marketing. This included establishing brand guidelines and providing art direction across both product and marketing initiatives.
Tools
Figma, Illustrator, Photoshop, Miro, Usertesting.com, Otter, Zoom, Slack
Early discovery
Realtors and brokers don’t like or trust online home valuation estimates
Early interviews and market research revealed realtors' skepticism towards online valuations. Annoyed by their clients' reliance on these sites, realtors expressed frustration at having to constantly correct what they know is inaccurate information.
Step one
Plunk proof of concept
To demonstrate the model's effectiveness to investors and gather real-world feedback, we developed a proof of concept focused on the greater Seattle area. This allowed us to test the technology with realtors, home owners, and real estate investors in a controlled environment.
Brand value: Accessible
Giving users visibility into why a home has a specific value
Unlike opaque online valuations, we wanted to offer transparency. We went beyond just a number; we empower our customers with insights into the specific features that influence a home's value, both positively and negatively.
Brand value: Empowering
How much is this home worth right now?
Users don’t need to know how much a home’s value was two months ago. Traditional home valuation services often rely on outdated data, providing estimates that can be months old. We wanted to show real-time values, keeping users abreast of ever-changing markets and current values.
Brand values: Empowering & accessible
“Explainability”: simplifying complex financial concepts, like equity and appreciation
More early feedback revealed a common challenge: homeowners struggled to grasp many financial concepts related to their property. To address this, we developed data-driven visualizations that make equity, appreciation, and other financial aspects of homeownership clear and accessible.
Our process: from research to product
Most user-centered design processes mirror each other. We did a combination of Lean UX and classic design thinking.
Assumptions workshop
Are our customers homeowners, or realtors? And what problems can we solve for them?
We felt that our offering might be too sophisticated for homeowners, but some of our early interviews with homeowners was proving that wrong. But would homeowners even be interested? And if our primary customers were realtors, where did they need help most?
We hypothesized three potential persona categories
Primary
Homeowners
Secondary
Realtors
Tertiary
Brokers
Straightforward assumptions can carry significant risks
Assumption #1
Understanding home value is a top priority for all users, whether they're homeowners, realtors, or investors. Everyone wants to know the current market value of a property.
Assumption #2
Realtors and investors specifically seek tools to identify properties with good investment potential. We could help them "discover" these hidden gems.
Assumption #3
Building trust is crucial. Users need to be confident that the valuations they receive are accurate and reliable.
Assumption #4
In addition to understanding their home's value, homeowners want guidance on which renovation projects will have the greatest impact on its worth.
Competitive analysis
Existing solutions cater to two main areas, leaving a gap for products that bridge the divide
Current offerings for realtors, brokers, and homeowners fell into two categories: real estate apps with limited financial tools, and financial apps with rudimentary real estate features. Neither category excelled at providing what we felt was a comprehensive solution.
Zillow
Redfin
Fly Homes
Opendoor
Homebot
Trulia
Houzz
HomeAdvisor
Nerdwallet
SOFI
Wealthfront
Fidelity
CreditKarma
Fundrise
Mint
Schwab
Real estate apps
Financial apps
Validating assumptions
Themes start to materialize in 6 homeowner focus groups and dozens of interviews with realtors and investors
We wanted to confirm our initial assumptions by identifying the key user groups (personas), their specific challenges and pain points, along with their jobs-to-be-done and goals in real estate.
User feedback
Some of our initial assumptions were confirmed, but there were also themes that surprised us
The reason you talk to your customers is that many of their concerns turn out different than your early stakeholder assumptions.
Emerging themes
A major pivot: the homeowners we tested in the Seattle area were uninterested
In our initial user testing, through interviews, focus groups, and in-app demos, users were very excited about the features set we led with. Most indicated they'd be regular users. However, post-launch app store release and user invites painted a different picture – homeowner engagement remained low. We iterated, tested, and iterated some more. Homeowners just weren’t engaged. Brokerages, on the other hand, expressed strong interest in our features, as long as it had nationwide data capabilities. We had a bright green light, just not from homeowners.
Other pivotal insights
Realtors don’t need guidance, they need support
There's no substitute for a realtor's expertise in physically assessing a property. Current apps in the real estate space, whether they mean to or not, come across as a tool to replace realtors, not support them. However, homes are physical spaces with unique characteristics that sometimes can’t be seen online. We needed to find a way to be support for the real experts, the realtors – empowering them with data-driven insights that complement their professional judgment.
Realtors need help explaining complex concepts to their clients
Another recurring theme we heard from realtors was needing to clearly explain recommendations to clients. This included justifying listing prices, deciding what offer to lead with, and identifying renovations with the highest return on investment. Real estate professionals desperately needed data to support their recommendations, but existing market solutions weren't filling this gap.
Old and bad data isn’t useful
While homeowners might not have grasped the technical aspects of data latency, realtors were acutely aware of its impact. Outdated property details affected a home’s value (inaccurate sqft, number of rooms, or roof type, etc.) – users would correct the details, but the valuation wouldn’t change. This lack of real-time updates meant valuations could remain misleading online for weeks, even a month. Users wanted to see immediate results.
Users need real values to replace guesstimates
We found many places where real estate decisions were based on intuition rather than data. Interviews revealed frequent instances of guesswork, even when challenged. This highlighted the need for a data-driven approach—an opportunity to replace subjective estimates with reliable insights.
Verified personas
Defining personas based on overlapping needs
We ended up focusing on two different personas, starting with real estate professionals, a single persona that covered both brokers and realtors. We combined the two because, though they are different roles, brokers primary need was to attract and retain the best realtors, and so their goals were largely the same. We also discovered a new persona, real estate investors; both individual and institutional. We found that they were more represented in our research than expected, and many of their pain points and needs were overlapping with realtors and brokers. We kept a tertiary persona up on the wall to remind ourselves that as we designed our product with realtors in mind, we needed to recognize that their success hinges on satisfying their clients. And those clients are homeowners.
PRIMARY
Real estate professional
Amy
48, realtor, bachelor of arts
Wants to sell 18 homes this year, be a top 5 seller in her company, to be known as “the selling agent”.
Every year it gets harder for her to be considered an expert to her clients. With all the real estate apps out there, everyone’s an expert. She needs tools and data that make her look indispensable to her clients.
Secondary
Real estate investor
Sajit
39, residential real estate investor, MBA
Wants to improve the value or his investments, improve his equity stake, add more properties to his portfolio as quickly as possible.
Wants to monitor his properties’ real value, not have to check in with agents (or Zillow). Should he buy? Rent?  Sell? What improvements will most increase value?
Tertiary
Homeowners
Tanya
31, wine sales, undergrad
Wants to improve the quality of life in her home, eager to do any projects around the house, big or small, would love to pick projects that improve the value, as it’s her biggest investment.
Worried about the market, when should they sell? What can they do to improve equity? To improve the value of the home?
Our primary persona’s journey
Creating a user journey map to give the whole team a shared understanding of Amy’s experience
Journey maps bridge the gap for our product and dev teams, aligning everyone on Amy’s experience. They also highlight key opportunities where Plunk can best support her needs.
Feature ideation and prioritization
Brainstorming user stories and solutions - that lead to positive outcomes for our users
To help set a realistic prioritization (we are a startup after all) we group user stories and feature suggestions around user journey phases, and then attach “level of effort” and “value to user” to each idea.
Working towards our MVP
Unforeseen user feedback forces us to rethink our product strategy
It was a lot easier to find concepts that tested well and were useful to our users. But choosing a delivery method that satisfied everyone? That proved trickier. Some users wanted a mobile or web app, while others needed lead-generation widgets they could embed on their sites. Other, more sophisticated customers just wanted the data. Delivering a solution that satisfied everyone’s needs presented its own challenges, but it was necessary to make sales. So we started with individual APIs as the foundation for a multitiered deployment.
MVP release
Enhancing comprehension of home and real estate market data with a steady release  of new features
Creating successful outcomes for real estate professionals by releasing a minimum set of new features with our MVP, and then following that up with additional feature releases in quick succession.
Home ticker
Showing users how much this home is worth right now
Focus groups and homeowner interviews revealed a shared skepticism towards existing online valuations. Realtors further confirmed their awareness of the data's usual one-month-plus lag. To address this need for near real-time accuracy, our first release included the Home Ticker.
Web client
Plunk Pro mobile
Plunk Pro web
Plunkbot Summary
Summarizing data about a home or market that clients can understand
A reoccurring theme in our research was the challenge of explaining complex real estate concepts to users. To bridge this gap, we developed the Plunkbot Summary, a tool that simplifies key trends into plain English.
Web client
Plunk Pro mobile
Plunk Pro web
Value drivers
Giving users visibility into why a home has a specific value
User interviews helped us verify that a lack of transparency in online valuations fueled distrust. We addressed this with a feature called Value Drivers, which quickly became our star. Both qualitative feedback sessions and usage data confirmed its popularity – it was our most visited and beloved feature on the platform.
Web client
Plunk Pro mobile
Plunk Pro web
Plunk Value
Helping users visualize the remodeled value of a home
Our research across realtors, investors, and homeowners revealed a universal goal: maximizing home value through renovations.  To address this, we developed and rigorously tested a feature that we called Plunk Value. This innovative tool analyzes the specific location and market to visualize renovation projects with the greatest impact on a home's value.
Web client
Plunk Pro mobile
Plunk Pro web
Real-time Market Insights
Showing users trends for a real estate market in real time
Market trends, much like other online real estate data, was generally showing data that was weeks, and sometimes months out of date. Once again we introduced a new concept: Real-time Market Insights, with market analysis that was sometimes as fresh as a few minutes old. This was another feature that tested very well, and was frequently embedded on realtor sites.
Web client
Plunk Pro mobile
Plunk Pro web
Home compared to market
Visualizing how a home’s features compare to other homes around it
Early user feedback emphasized the desire to see our data features in context. Project recommendations and Value Drivers resonated more strongly when users understood how their home features compared to similar properties. We addressed this need with Home Compared to Market, a feature that became an instant hit on its own, but also very popular embedded as context for other features.
Web client
Plunk Pro mobile
Plunk Pro web
Market Indicator
Helping users visualize whether it’s a buyer’s or seller’s market
Despite being a serious feature, powered by real, up-to-the-minute data, the Plunk Market Indicator was all about user delight. Realtors loved the idea of embedding a lead generator as fun as this on their personal page, as well as sharing the animation on social media.
Web client
Plunk Pro mobile
Plunk Pro web
Positive outcomes
We met several of our key goals
Seed funding
June 2021
New customers
+17
by mid 2023
API adaption
+50
Million API calls
Post mortem
What did we learn?
As with any project, the more stories you hear from your customers, the more your assumptions fall away and the clearer your path forward is. Here are some of our main takeaways:
It's part of most realtors' brand to be "the expert"
This is the very reason why real estate professionals consistently harbor mistrust towards companies like Zillow and Redfin. Realtors possess an intimate understanding of homes and the markets they inhabit. Time and again, we've heard from realtors expressing skepticism towards online real estate platforms, citing inaccurate valuations and reliance on outdated data. Viewed not as an ally, but as a hindrance. This sentiment guided our product development journey: how can we empower realtors to truly shine as experts in their field?
Realtors don't really need better tools for discovery
One of our first imagined scenarios was that realtors would use our analytics to find hidden gems, or discover trends in local real estate markets that most people couldn't see. It turns out they don't need much help in that arena. What they do struggle with, though, is explaining to their clients why a home is a gem, or being able to describe trends in local markets. What realtors really need from us is backing for their arguments, home and market data, and data visualizations that help demonstrate to their clients that their expertise and advice is spot on.
Realtors are happy to offload work so they can focus on their core expertise: building relationships and closing deals
We tested prototypes that allowed realtors to make fine-tuned adjustments to the home valuations, and alter the adjustments made when comparing two homes. We heard a pretty consistent theme: "Wow, this is great. But I usually skip this part. It just takes too long". Everyone we tested agreed that these adjustments were very important, but the universal opinion after testing (even from our most technically savvy realtors) was, "Yes this is important, but just do it for me. I trust you to do it better than I will."